The Espresso
Compendium

The foundation of all espresso drinks. Brewed by forcing hot water through finely-ground coffee under ~9 bars of pressure. Rich, concentrated, with a golden crema.

Two shots of espresso pulled together. The standard for most café drinks. Doppio means 'double' in Italian.

A 'restricted' espresso using the same grounds but half the water. Sweeter, more intense, and less bitter than a standard shot.

Espresso pulled 'long' with more water through the puck. More bitter, higher caffeine extraction, thinner body. Not an Americano.

Espresso diluted with hot water added after the shot is pulled. Preserves the crema on top. Water:espresso ratio is roughly 3:1.

A double ristretto with a thin layer of velvety microfoam milk. Higher espresso-to-milk ratio than a latte. Originated in Australia or New Zealand.

Equal parts espresso and warm milk — the name means 'cut' in Spanish. Reduces acidity without adding body. Served in a small glass.

Espresso 'stained' with a small dollop of foam or a dash of steamed milk. Preserves the espresso's intensity while softening the edge.

Steamed milk 'stained' by espresso — the inverse of a macchiato. Espresso is poured over milk, creating distinct layers. Tall glass presentation.

Equal thirds: espresso, steamed milk, and thick foam. The foam should hold a spoon's weight. Drier than a latte, with a pronounced foam cap.

The milkiest espresso drink. A double shot submerged in steamed milk with only a thin layer of microfoam. Mild, creamy, and the canvas for latte art.

A latte made with half-and-half instead of whole milk. Richer, creamier, and higher in fat. The half-and-half doesn't foam as easily, giving a denser texture.

A latte enriched with chocolate syrup or cocoa. Sometimes finished with whipped cream. The ratio of chocolate varies by recipe and region.

A scoop of vanilla gelato 'drowned' by a shot of hot espresso. As much dessert as it is a coffee drink. Serve immediately.

Espresso shots poured over ice and cold tonic water. The carbonation lifts the espresso's bright notes. A modern café invention with a sparkling finish.

Espresso shots pulled hot and poured over a glass of ice and cold milk. The temperature contrast creates a drink that's simultaneously bold and refreshing.